The simplest way to generate an audio signal to play on the speaker is to use a hardware PWM output. Using PWM hardware to generate a simple audio tone Speaker driver circuit used for mbed audio demos The black plastic case top can pull off along with the tiny speaker wires, so get underneath to the PCB a bit to pry it up.Ī typical driver circuit for digital outputs The first demo uses mbed p21 for the digital control signal.īe careful when removing the Sparkfun PCB mount style speaker from the breadboard. For a quick breadboard demo, you can leave out the (around 1K) resistor if you do not have one (just connect the digital control signal jumper wire directly to transistor base) and a diode is not needed. Be sure to double check the orientation of the three transistor pins in the schematic below and the images above, if it is not correct it will not work! The part number seen in the transistor photo above is on the flat side of the transistor case. Next, hook up the speaker and 2N3904 transistor as shown in the typical driver circuit below. With the small PCB mount speaker from Sparkfun seen earlier, soldering is not required as its pins will plug into a breadboard. Solder one end of two long jumper wires to the speaker's terminals for easy breadboard hookup. If you pull it out hard using the top black metal speaker cover, the PCB on the back cover can pull off and break the tiny speaker wires soldered to the pins inside the back cover. The small Sparkfun PCB speaker works great in a breadboard and is very handy, but when removing it from a breadboard be careful to pry the bottom up first with something flat like a screwdriver. Sparkfun PCB or breadboard mount Speaker 8ohm. A lot of this volume difference is due to the fact the square waves sound louder to humans than sine waves at low frequencies. The volume is even lower on the AnalogOut pin without a driver. PWM output pins have a bit more drive current than the AnalogOut pin. The demo code will use a PWM output pin and then the AnalogOut pin. Small piezo speakers will respond to a very limited audio frequency range without a driver, but the volume is still relatively low and is often only of use at the resonant frequency listed in the datasheet. Hooking up the speaker directly to an mbed output pin results in very low volume and a driver circuit is needed to boost the current levels to drive the speaker to provide adequate volume levels. With just a small low cost speaker and a 2N3904 driver transistor is it possible to generate simple sound effects on mbed for under $2. A recent CBS News story on engineers designing car feedback sounds
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